Benzalkonium chloride or triclosan.
Normally at about 0.1 to 0.3% incorporation rate.
Benzalkonium chloride has less reliable activity against bacteria and viruses than alcohol.
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/hand-hygiene.html
No health authority recommends alcohol free. Universally, health authorities only recommend alcohol based hand sanitizers of 60% to 80% ethanol.
Alcohol ensures broad spectrum, fast active, germ killing efficacy.
The fact that alcohol free hand sanitizer formulas stay on your skin or the surfaces of your home for hours at a time with low levels of antimicrobial chemicals (for example an alcohol free hand sanitiser will contain about 0.1 to 0.3% benzalkonium chloride or triclosan) gives bacteria and viruses an opportunity to mutate & evolve. ie create superbugs. Thats why alcohol is universally recommended in healthcare settings because they have the highest kill rate and kills germs in 15 seconds flat.
Benzalkonium chloride is a sensitizer and is especially dangerous for people with asthma or skin conditions such as eczema…
https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/700674-benzalkonium_chloride/
Triclosan has been shown to cause hormone disruption.
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